Abstract

In the majority of obstetric and gynaecological wards, the fetal membranes along with the rest of the placenta are usually discarded as medical waste. However, donating placenta to the Tissue Bank may provide a highly valuable source of graft material. One of the most common tissues used in clinical transplantation is amniotic membrane. The unique properties of amnion make it highly beneficial not only in preventing bacterial infections, protein loss, fluids and electrolytes disturbances, but also in reducing burn wound pain and accelerating healing processes. Due to its abundance of nutrients and low immunogenicity, it is often used as a skin substitute. Human amnion may be prepared in tissue banks, as biostatic or biovital grafts. In order to increase surgical treatment efficiency and to prevent the risk of potential transmission of infectious diseases, a number of methods of amniotic graft preparation have been developed. This paper presents the current clinical possibilities of applying human amnion and other types of placenta tissue grafts in the treatment of wounds of various etiology. It also describes new application areas of fetal membranes for other diseases. Placental grafts are extensively used as an alternative therapy in situations when standard treatment does not produce desirable outcomes. The properties of placental grafts including i.a. low cost, easy manipulation, capability of promoting cell migration and proliferation and stimulation of stem cell activity, making them highly beneficial in comparison to many other bioactive therapies. The alternative source of graft preparation may also be harvested from animal placenta, which makes it an alternative source of supply to human tissues.

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