Abstract

Osteoartroza jest to nieuleczalna choroba stawów objawiająca się stopniowo postępującymi zmianami zwyrodnieniowym, prowadzącymi do przedwczesnej niepełnosprawności ruchowej. Główną przyczyną powstawania tych zmian są zaburzenia równowagi pomiędzy procesami degeneracji a regeneracji struktur chrząstki stawowej. Dotychczas zidentyfikowano wiele czynników ryzyka sprzyjających rozwojowi choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawów. Wśród nich można wyróżnić: wiek, masę ciała, przebyte urazy stawów, aktywność sportowa, płeć oraz obciążenia genetyczne. Najnowsze doniesienia naukowe potwierdzają, że patogeneza zmian osteoartrotycznych w stawach jest złożona i przebiega na wielu płaszczyznach. Główną rolę w procesie degeneracji chrząstki stawowej odgrywają enzymy z rodziny metaloproteinaz. Aktywność tych enzymów regulowana jest przez liczne cytokiny prozapalne, czynniki transkrypcyjne oraz miRNA. Dokładna analiza wszystkich procesów zachodzących w stawie objętym procesem chorobowym jest niezbędna do opracowania skutecznych strategii terapeutycznych.

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