Abstrakt

Early diagnosis increases life expectancy in HIV-infected patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for HIV testing in newly-diagnosed patients with HIV registered in Lodz, Poland in years 2009-2017. The study examines also whether HIV testing was performed following the recommendation of physicians or at the request of patients. Results: The study group consisted of 401 (83.72%) males and 78 (16.28%) females. The median age at the moment of diagnosis was 33 years (LQ 27-UQ 40). In total, 285 (62.91%) patients were late presenters. Clinical indications constituted the main reason for undergoing HIV testing and were reported in 228 out of 479 patients (47.59%) including AIDS-defining diseases were a reason for HIV testing in 105 patients. Thirty-four patients underwent HIV testing following diagnosis of sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs); in 91.18% of these cases the STDs was syphilis. However, high-risk sexual contact was the main reason for HIV testing in asymptomatic patients (160 of 257 cases; 62.27%). Patients in the non-AIDS group were significantly more likely to take the initiative to order an HIV test than patients in the AIDS group (p<0.0001). Conclusions: In conclusion, in the Lodz region, patients with HIV infection are most commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage of infection. This may be associated with the low number of HIV tests performed following the doctors recommendation.

Przypisy

• 1. Ankiersztejn-Bartczak M., Firląg-Burkacka E., Czeszko-Paprocka H., Kubicka J., Cybula A., Horban A., Kowalska J.D.: Factors responsible for incomplete linkage to care after HIV diagnosis: preliminary results from the Test and Keep in Care (TAK) project. HIV Med., 2015; 16: 88-94
  Google Scholar
• 2. Buetikofer S., Wandeler G., Kouyos R., Weber R., Ledergerber B.: Prevalence and risk factors of late presentation for HIV diagnosis and care in a tertiary referral centre in Switzerland. Swiss. Med. Wkly., 2014; 144: w13961
  Google Scholar
• 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/ (05.10.2018)
  Google Scholar
• 4. Cohen M.S., Chen Y.Q., McCauley M., Gamble T., Hosseinipour M.C., Kumarasamy N., Hakim J.G., Kumwenda J., Grinsztejn B., Pilotto J.H., Godbole S.V., Mehendale S., Chariyalertsak S., Santos B.R., Mayer K.H., et al.: Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N. Engl. J. Med., 2011; 365: 493-505
  Google Scholar
• 5. Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services. World Health Organization 2015. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/179870/9789241508926_eng.pdf;jsessionid=1B12B2170D992B4C79C910A1716078E2?sequence=1 (05.10.2018)
  Google Scholar
• 6. d’Arminio Monforte A., Cozzi-Lepri A., Girardi E., Castagna A., Mussini C., Di Giambenedetto S., Galli M., Cassola G., Vullo V., Quiros-Roldan E., Lo Caputo S., Antinori A., Icona Foundation Study Group: Late presenters in new HIV diagnoses from an Italian cohort of HIV-infected patients: prevalence and clinical outcome. Antivir. Ther., 2011; 16: 1103-1112
  Google Scholar
• 7. Dokuzoguz B., Korten V., Gökengin D., Fincanci M., Yildirmak T., Kes U.N., Tasdelen Fisgin N., Inan D., Eraksoy H., Akalin H.: Transmission route and reasons for HIV testing among recently diagnosed HIV patients in HIV-TR cohort, 2011-2012. J. Int. AIDS Soc., 2014; 17: 19595
  Google Scholar
• 8. Gökengin D., Geretti A.M., Begovac J., Palfreeman A., Stevanovic M., Tarasenko O., Radcliffe K.: 2014 European Guideline on HIV testing. Int. J. STD AIDS, 2014; 25: 695-704
  Google Scholar
• 9. Hachfeld A., Ledergerber B., Darling K., Weber R., Calmy A., Battegay M., Sugimoto K., Di Benedetto C., Fux C.A., Tarr P.E., Kouyos R., Furrer H., Wandeler G., Swiss HIV Cohort Study: Reasons for late presentation to HIV care in Switzerland. J. Int. AIDS Soc., 2015; 18: 20317
  Google Scholar
• 10. Horino T., Sato F., Kato T., Hosaka Y., Shimizu A., Kawano S., Hoshina T., Nakaharai K, Nakazawa Y., Yoshikawa K., Yoshida M., Hori S.: Associations of HIV testing and late diagnosis at a Japanese university hospital. Clinics, 2016; 71: 73-77
  Google Scholar
• 11. Ji Y., Lu H.: Malignancies in HIV-infected and AIDS patients. Adv. Exp. Med.Biol., 2017; 1018: 167-179
  Google Scholar
• 12. Marcus U., Nöstlinger C., Rosińska M., Sherriff N., Gios L., Dias S.F., Gama A.F, Toskin I,, Alexiev I., Naseva E., Schink S.B., Mirandola M., Sialon II Network: Behavioural and demographic correlates of undiagnosed HIV infection in a MSM sample recruited in 13 European cities. BMC Infect. Dis., 2018; 18: 368
  Google Scholar
• 13. National AIDS Centre. https://www.aids.gov.pl/epidemiology/poland (05.10.2018)
  Google Scholar
• 14. National Institute of Public Health. http//:www.pzh.gov.pl/(05.10.2018)
  Google Scholar
• 15. Pirs M., Poljak M., Seme K., Babic D.Z., Tomazic J.: Clinical features and virologic characteristics of primary and early HIV-1 infection in Slovenian patients. Coll. Antropol., 2006; 30: 47-52
  Google Scholar
• 16. Porter K., Gourlay A., Attawell K., Hales D., Supervie V., Touloumi G., Rosinska M., Vourli G., van Sighem A., Pharris A., Noori T., ECDC Dublin Declaration Monitoring Network: Substantial heterogeneity in progress toward reaching the 90-90-90 HIV target in the WHO European region. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr., 2018; 79: 28-37
  Google Scholar
• 17. PTN AIDS. http://ww.ptnaids.pl/index.php? \option= com_content&view =category& layout=blog&id=14&Itemid=24&lang=pl (05.10.2018)
  Google Scholar
• 18. Raben D., Mocroft A., Rayment M., Mitsura V.M., Hadziosmanovic V., Sthoeger Z.M., Palfreeman A., Morris S., Kutsyna G., Vassilenko A., Minton J., Necsoi C., Estrada V.P., Grzeszczuk A., Johansson V.S., et al.: Auditing HIV Testing Rates across Europe: Results from the HIDES 2 Study. PLoS One, 2015; 10: e0140845
  Google Scholar
• 19. Rosińska M., Simmons R., Marzec-Bogusławska A., Janiec J., Porter K.: Relating HIV testing patterns in Poland to risky and protective behaviour. AIDS Care, 2016; 28: 423-431
  Google Scholar
• 20. Sullivan A.K., Raben D., Reekie J., Rayment M., Mocroft A., Esser S., Leon A., Begovac J., Brinkman K., Zangerle R., Grzeszczuk A., Vassilenko A., Hadziosmanovic V., Krasnov M., Sönnerborg A., et al.: Feasibility and effectiveness of indicator condition-guided testing for HIV: results from HIDES I (HIV indicator diseases across Europe study). PLoS One, 2013; 8: e52845
  Google Scholar
• 21. Tominski D., Katchanov J., Driesch D., Daley M.B., Liedtke A., Schneider A., Slevogt H., Arastéh K., Stocker H.: The late-presenting HIV-infected patient 30 years after the introduction of HIV testing: spectrum of opportunistic diseases and missed opportunities for early diagnosis. HIV Med., 2017; 18: 125-132
  Google Scholar
• 22. Vannappagari V., Nkhoma E.T., Atashili J., Laurent S.S, Zhao H.: Prevalence, severity, and duration of thrombocytopenia among HIV patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Platelets, 2011; 22: 611-618
  Google Scholar
• 23. Vishnu P., Aboulafia D.M.: Haematological manifestations of human immune deficiency virus infection. Br. J. Haematol., 2015; 171: 695-709
  Google Scholar

Pełna treść artykułu