Abstrakt

Formowanie szkieletu oraz jego prawidłowe funkcjonowanie są możliwe dzięki wyspecjalizowanym komórkom tkanki kostnej: kościotwórczym osteoblastom, kościogubnym osteoklastom oraz osteocytom znajdującym się w jamkach kostnych. Połączenia szczelinowe są to transbłonowe kanały łączące sąsiadujące ze sobą komórki, dzięki którym możliwe jest bezpośrednie przekazywanie sygnałów przez komórki. Kanały typu szczelinowego, a konkretniej budujące je białka koneksynowe, wpływają głównie na proces obrotu kostnego, a zatem zarówno na budowę, jak i przebudowę kości. Szczególnie ważną koneksyną w tkance kostnej jest koneksyna-43 (Cx43), która jest niezbędna w prawidłowym przebiegu procesów kościotworzenia oraz w zachowaniu homeostazy kości. To jak ważna jest obecność Cx43 w kościach, pokazują defekty szkieletu w chorobach, takich jak dysplazja oczno-zębowo-palcowa (zespół ODD) czy dysplazja czaszkowo-trzonowa, wywołane mutacjami GJA1, genu kodującego Cx43. Wykazano również rolę Cx43 w różnicowaniu komórek macierzystych w komórki kostne, antyapoptycznym działaniu bisfosfonianów oraz odpowiedzi kości na bodźce hormonalne i mechaniczne. Poza koneksyną-43 w tkance kostnej stwierdzono również obecność innych koneksyn, takich jak: koneksyna-45, -46 oraz -37.

Przypisy

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