Abstrakt

Występowanie chorób alergicznych w Polsce i na świecie rośnie w ostatnich latach. W alergiach IgE-zależnych najczęściej stosowanymi metodami diagnostycznymi są testy skórne punktowe (SPT, Skin Prick Test) oraz oznaczenie stężenia swoistego IgE (sIgE), skierowanego przeciwko konkretnemu alergenowi. Obie metody mają jednak pewne wady, a uzyskiwane wyniki mogą być niejednoznaczne. Rutynowe testy diagnostyczne nie zawsze są wiarygodne, szczególnie w przypadku niektórych leków i pokarmów. W związku z tym należy posługiwać się dodatkowymi narzędziami laboratoryjnymi. Obiecującą metodą diagnostyczną jest test aktywacji bazofilów (BAT, Basophil Activation Test), wykorzystujący technikę cytometrii przepływowej. W artykule omówiono przydatność i skuteczność BAT w rozpoznawaniu alergii do celów naukowych. W porównaniu z powszechnie stosowanymi metodami diagnostycznymi BAT jest kosztownym i skomplikowanym narzędziem laboratoryjnym, ale umożliwia sprawne i skuteczne rozpoznawanie alergii. Podstawowym problemem związanym z wprowadzaniem BAT do rutynowej diagnostyki alergologicznej jest brak standaryzacji i walidacji tej metody. Dlatego istnieje uzasadniona potrzeba kontynuowania badań w tej dziedzinie. BAT może w przyszłości zapewnić poprawną diagnostykę alergii, jeśli zostanie zwalidowany i wystandaryzowany.

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