Abstrakt

Cukrzyca jest przewlekłą chorobą o charakterze metabolicznym, objawiającą się hiperglikemią. Szacuje się, że chorobą dotkniętych jest około 422 mln osób na całym świecie. Duże nadzieje w profilaktyce i wspomaganiu leczenia farmakologicznego cukrzycy wiążę się z nową dyscypliną nauki jaką jest nutrigenomika. Dziedzina ta w oparciu o doniesienia naukowe z fizjologii, bromatologii, genomiki, proteomiki, biochemii, czy epigenetyki poszukuje i wyjaśnia na poziomie molekularnym interakcje genów ze składnikami żywności. W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze informacje na temat wpływu składników bioaktywnych obecnych w żywności (związków polifenolowych, aminokwasów, witamin, kwasów tłuszczowych) na ekspresję genów związanych z wydzielaniem/działaniem insuliny i metabolizmem glukozy w organizmie. W artykule omówiono najważniejsze funkcje genów docelowych, które wykazują istotny wpływ na patogenezę rozwoju cukrzycy, a także przedstawiono modele eksperymentalne wykorzystywane w badaniach empirycznych. Ponadto przedstawiono znaczenie epigenetyki w rozwoju cukrzycy typu 2 oraz podstawowe informacje z diagnostyki i różnicowania cukrzycy i stanów przedcukrzycowych.

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