Abstrakt

Obecność receptorów somatostatyny (somatostatin receptors – SSTR) na komórkach nowotworów neuroendokrynnych ma podstawowe znaczenie w planowaniu terapii. Dotyczy to szczególnie chorych, u których zabieg operacyjny okazał się nieskuteczny lub istnieją przeciwwskazania do jego przeprowadzenia. Zwiększoną ekspresję SSTR obserwowano w wielu nowotworach wywodzących się z układu neuroendokrynnego. Wśród nich wyróżnia się m.in. gruczolaki przedniego płata przysadki wytwarzające w nadmiarze GH i prowadzące do rozwoju akromegalii, gruczolaki z komórek adrenokortykotropowych syntezujących autonomicznie ACTH doprowadzające do rozwoju ACTH-zależnego zespołu Cushinga (choroba Cushinga), a także gruczolaki przedniego płata przysadki z komórek tyreotropowych. Duża ekspresja tych receptorów została potwierdzona w guzach nabłonkowych pochodzenia neuroendokrynnego w przewodzie pokarmowym, trzustce oraz płucach. Analogi somatostatyny, zwane także ligandami receptora somatostatyny, są skuteczne w leczeniu objawowym, umożliwiają kontrolę choroby, wykazują działanie antyproliferacyjne, a także hamują sekrecję hormonów i substancji biologicznie czynnych, a to zmniejsza śmiertelność wśród pacjentów i poprawia ich jakość życia. W terapii leki te są na ogół dobrze tolerowane i bezpieczne, a ich działanie przeciwnowotworowe zostało udowodnione zarówno w badaniach in vitro, jak i in vivo. Analogi somatostatyny od wielu lat zajmują ważne miejsce w leczeniu nowotworów neuroendokrynnych i wciąż są przedmiotem badań. Celem pracy jest przeanalizowanie w oparciu o dostępną literaturę wskazań terapeutycznych do stosowania analogów somatostatyny z uwzględnieniem przeciwwskazań do terapii oraz jej możliwych działań niepożądanych.

Przypisy

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