Abstrakt

Sestryny to wysoce konserwatywne białka, które regulują wzrost, metabolizm, przeżycie i proliferację komórek w warunkach stresu oksydacyjnego, stresu genotoksycznego, hipoksji czy stresu retikulum endoplazmatycznego. Sestryny wpływają na sygnalizację komórkową przez hamowanie wytwarzania reaktywnych form tlenu, aktywację kinazy białkowej aktywowanej przez AMP (AMPK), hamowanie szlaku mTOR, a działają jako pozytywny regulator autofagii. W związku z tym coraz częściej wskazuje się ich rolę ochronną przed chorobami nowotworowymi, metabolicznymi, sercowo-naczyniowymi i neurodegeneracyjnymi. W artykule scharakteryzowano mechanizmy działania sestryn oraz ich znaczenie w starzeniu się i chorobach związanych z wiekiem. Omówione zostały również najnowsze badania wskazujące na istotne znaczenie fizjologiczne tych białek oraz udział w kluczowych szlakach sygnałowych kontrolujących metabolizm komórkowy i przeżycie w warunkach stresu.

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