Abstrakt

Kwasy dokozaheksaenowy (DHA) i eikozapentaenowy (EPA) należą do wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych z grupy n-3 (n-3 PUFA), a ich głównym źródłem w diecie są ryby morskie. Badania epidemiologiczne wykazały, że ich duże spożycie wiąże się ze zmniejszonym ryzykiem wystąpienia chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. DHA i EPA hamują rozwój stanu zapalnego, zmieniają funkcję i regulację cząsteczek będących jednocześnie biomarkerami naczyniowymi. Są czynnikami wazodylatacyjnymi i wazokonstrykcyjnymi przez kontrolowanie syntezy tlenku azotu (NO) i endoteliny-1 (ET-1) w komórkach śródbłonka. Przyczyniają się także do ochrony przeciwmiażdżycowej przez regulację ekspresji receptora utlenionych LDL (oxLDL), inhibitora aktywatora plazminogenu-1 (PAI-1), receptora tromboksanu A2 (TXA2) oraz cząsteczek adhezyjnych ICAM-1 (międzykomórkowa cząsteczka adhezyjna-1), VCAM-1 (naczyniowa cząsteczka adhezyjna-1), a także białka chemotaktycznego monocytów 1 (MCP-1). Badania wskazują, że DHA i EPA regulują aktywację receptora TLR4 (receptor Toll-podobny 4) i osłabiają aktywację szlaku sygnałowego czynnika jądrowego κB (NF-κB). Wykazują działanie przeciwzapalne wpływając na receptor wolnego kwasu tłuszczowego 4 (FFAR4). Jednak ich skuteczność i mechanizmy działania nie są jeszcze dokładnie poznane, dlatego celem tej publikacji było ocenienie wpływu DHA i EPA na komórki śródbłonka naczyń oraz przegląd najnowszych badań dotyczących ich potencjału w zapobieganiu chorobom sercowo-naczyniowym.

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