Abstrakt

Starzenie się organizmu, jako nieunikniony i postępujący proces biologiczny, prowadzi do nieodwracalnych zmian fizjologicznych i funkcjonalnych, także w układzie nerwowym. Pojawiające się wraz z wiekiem pogorszenie funkcji poznawczych może istotnie wpływać na jakość życia osób starszych. Kwas dokozaheksaenowy (DHA) jest niezbędny do prawidłowego funkcjonowania układu nerwowego – może wpływać na jego działanie bezpośrednio, m.in. przez wpływ na neurogenezę i neuroplastyczność, ale także pośrednio m.in. przez wpływ na funkcjonowanie układu sercowo-naczyniowego czy działanie przeciwzapalne. Na podstawie literatury przedmiotu można stwierdzić, że dobry stan odżywienia kwasami tłuszczowymi z rodziny n-3, określony na podstawie ich poziomu w osoczu krwi lub erytrocytach, jest związany z mniejszym ryzykiem pogorszenia funkcji poznawczych w wybranych domenach poznawczych, a także mniejszym ryzykiem wystąpienia demencji lub choroby Alzheimera, chociaż dostępne są również badania, gdzie nie potwierdzono powyższej zależności. Ponadto badania dotyczące spożycia DHA i EPA (kwas eikozapentaenowy) wraz z dietą, jak również w postaci suplementów diety, wykazują ich korzystny wpływ na funkcjonowanie poznawcze i ryzyko wystąpienia demencji. Także wyniki badań interwencyjnych, chociaż nie są jednoznaczne, sugerują, że wysokie dawki DHA i EPA w postaci suplementów diety mogą spowolnić proces pogorszenia funkcjonowania poznawczego osób starszych w obrębie wybranych domen. Na podstawie dokonanego przeglądu piśmiennictwa można stwierdzić, że kwasy DHA i EPA odgrywają istotną rolę w prewencji zaburzeń poznawczych.

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